Journal: Toxicology Reports

Article Title: Genotoxicity risk assessment of a 7-hydroxymitragynine-enriched Kratom preparation: An integrated in silico and in vitro approach

doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2026.102206

Figure Lengend Snippet: Micronucleus test of Kratom leaf extract after 4 h exposure with S9 in TK6 cells. Results are the mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments. Statistical testing with one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test (* p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: The human B lymphoblastoid cell line (TK6) (CRL-8015; batch No. 70045146), purchased from ATCC, was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1 % penicillin/streptomycin.

Techniques:

Journal: Toxicology Reports

Article Title: Genotoxicity risk assessment of a 7-hydroxymitragynine-enriched Kratom preparation: An integrated in silico and in vitro approach

doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2026.102206

Figure Lengend Snippet: Micronucleus test of Kratom leaf extract after 4 h exposure without S9 in TK6 cells. Results are the mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments. Statistical testing with one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test (* p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: The human B lymphoblastoid cell line (TK6) (CRL-8015; batch No. 70045146), purchased from ATCC, was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1 % penicillin/streptomycin.

Techniques:

Journal: Toxicology Reports

Article Title: Genotoxicity risk assessment of a 7-hydroxymitragynine-enriched Kratom preparation: An integrated in silico and in vitro approach

doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2026.102206

Figure Lengend Snippet: Micronucleus test of Kratom leaf extract after 24 h exposure without S9 in TK6 cells. Results are the mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments. Statistical testing with one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test (* p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: The human B lymphoblastoid cell line (TK6) (CRL-8015; batch No. 70045146), purchased from ATCC, was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1 % penicillin/streptomycin.

Techniques:

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: More than an attachment module: covalent inhibitor warheads influence BTK dynamics and function

doi: 10.64898/2026.05.07.723540

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Mapping the HDX-MS changes induced by inhibitor binding onto the structure of the BTK kinase domain. Differences > 1.0 Da are dark blue (decrease) or dark green (increase); differences 0.5 Da-1.0 Da are light blue (decrease) and light green (increase). Inhibitors are pink and C481 is yellow. Regions of increased deuterium uptake in the kinase domain C-lobe are labeled. (b) Covalent attachment of BTK with Tirabrutinib and Acalabrutinib is required to observe the dynamic changes in the C-lobe. Relative deuterium level of peptides in apo BTK is subtracted from the deuterium level of the corresponding peptide from each drug-bound form (D drug-bound -D apo ); scale shows magnitude of differences. Peptic peptides are shown from BTK N- to C-terminus, top to bottom, and sample time in deuterium is shown left to right. (c) Tirabrutinib or Acalabrutinib bound BTK linker-kinase domain (LKD) shows increased binding to PLCγ as compared to Ibrutinib and Zanubrutinib bound BTK LKD. Anti-His detects bound BTK, Ponceau stain shows total PLCγ cSH2. Bands were quantified and plotted as a histogram with the error bars representing standard deviation. Data shown is the average of three independent experiments. (d) Ibrutinib (red) is more effective than Tirabrutinib (blue) at inhibiting calcium flux in BCR stimulated Ramos B cells. Structures of both inhibitors are shown highlighting the 2-butynamide (blue) and acrylamide (red) warheads. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) values and -log 10 IC 50 (pIC 50 ) values ± SD (n=6) of calcium flux inhibition are listed. (e) Data are as described in (d); IC 50 for acrylamide-Tirabrutinib (red) is lower than 2-butynamide-Ibrutinib (blue).

Article Snippet: Ramos B cells (ATCC, # CRL-1596) were maintained in RPMI 1640 medium (Gibco, #A1049101) supplemented with 10% FBS (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and Penicillin/Streptomycin (Thermo Fisher Scientific) at 37°C/5% CO 2 .

Techniques: Binding Assay, Labeling, Staining, Standard Deviation, Concentration Assay, Inhibition

Journal: PLOS One

Article Title: Significance of RGS13 expression in lupus B cells

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0348945

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) B cells were cultured with the vehicle or mixed stimulatory molecules, including the anti-mouse IgM antibody, IL-21, IFN-γ, anti-CD40 antibody, or R848. (B) CD11c levels in unstimulated B cells. (C) Rgs13 and T-bet levels were compared with and without stimulation. (D) Rgs13 and T-bet levels in CD11c + and CD11c − stimulated B cells. (E) ABC proportions in stimulated B cells. ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001, and ns (not significant), determined via unpaired (B and E) or paired (C and D) t -test. ABC, age-associated B cell; KO, knockout; MACS, magnetic-activated cell sorting; WT, wild-type. Created in BioRender under a CC BY license, with permission from BioRender. Hiwa, R. (2026) https://BioRender.com/4xpndar .

Article Snippet: B cells were further separated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells via magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS; B Cell Isolation Kit II human; Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Knock-Out, FACS